I-BMW isuke ekubeni yingqalabutho yezimoto zikagesi yagcina isilele

I-BMW Group yasungulwa ngo-1916 futhi izinze eMunich, inhloko-dolobha yaseBavaria. Leli qembu ligxile emakethe yezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi limelwe yimikhiqizo efana neBMW, Mini neRolls-Royce.
Njengozakwabo baseJalimane iVolkswagen kanye neDaimler, i-BMW iyinkampani ehwebelana esidlangalaleni, kodwa ilawulwa omunye wemindeni yezimboni ecebe kakhulu yaseJalimane, ama-Quandts (okuhlanganisa noSusanne Klatten), abangabanikazi abacishe babe ngu-47% wamasheya akwa-BMW. Kusukela ngo-2019, i-BMW iholwa yi-CEO u-Oliver Zipse.
AbakwaBMW bazishaya isifuba ngokuba ngumholi kwezokusimama, bathi kwaba yinkampani yokuqala embonini yezimoto ukuqoka umuntu obhekelele imvelo ngo-1973. I-BMW iphinde ibe ngumholi phakathi kwezinkampani ezikhiqiza izimoto zaseJalimane ekushintsheni ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi, kodwa isalele emuva kwezimbangi zayo ngemuva kokugijima kwangaphambi kwesikhathi osekubonwa “njengomsebenzi omba eqolo.” Ukungabaza kwe-BMW ukwamukela izimoto zikagesi, ukumelana nezindinganiso ezishibhile ze-European Union, nokuzibandakanya ehlazweni le-“dieselgate” kungcolise kakhulu isithunzi sokusimama kwe-BMW.
Nakuba izimoto zikagesi zokuqala zabanye abakhiqizi bezimoto baseJalimane zaqale zenzelwe izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, abakwaBMW bathuthukise imodeli entsha kagesi kusukela ekuqaleni, bethula uhlobo lwayo lwezimoto zikagesi ezithi “i”—umnyakazo onesibindi kodwa obizayo. I-all-electric i3, eyethulwe ngasekupheleni kuka-2013, ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusha be-carbon-fiber. Yakhelwe embonini yakwa-BMW eLeipzig, enezinjini zomoya ezikhiqiza ugesi.
I-i3 isibe ngenye yezimoto zikagesi ezithengwa kakhulu emhlabeni iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ukuduma kokuqala kwezimoto zikagesi bekuhamba kancane kunalokho obekulindelwe yi-BMW, ​​okuholele ekuthengisweni okungaphansi kakhulu kwalokho obekulindelwe yinkampani futhi kwafiphala kakhulu izifiso ze-BMW ze-EV. I-i3 inabalandeli abaqinile, kodwa idizayini yayo emisha, izacile futhi elula idale impikiswano, ngenxa yokuthi ishayisana nesithombe esisebenza kahle kakhulu sakwaBMW.
Okuxakayo ukuthi, uTesla ozinze eCalifornia unqobe imakethe yasekhaya ye-BMW ngokukhiqiza izimoto zikagesi ezilingana kahle nedumela lenkampani yaseBavaria lokuba yizinga eliphezulu, isitayela, nokupholile. I-Tesla ikwazile ukuheha inqwaba yamakhasimende akwa-BMW ngeModel S neModel 3, eyedlula iBMW neDaimler ekuthengisweni kwe-EV yase-Europe ngasekuqaleni kuka-2019. I-Tesla isaqhubeka nokukhuphula ingcindezi ku-BMW nezinye izinkampani zezimoto zaseJalimane nge-Berlin “gigafactory” yayo, ezovulwa ehlobo lika-2021 futhi ekugcineni ikhiqize izimoto eziwu-00000.
Ekuphenduleni lezi zingcindezi zokuncintisana kanye nokuqinisa amazinga e-EU, i-BMW ibilokhu ikhulisa izifiso zayo zezimoto zikagesi eminyakeni yamuva nje. Kodwa uma uqhathanisa nabanye abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi, ikakhulukazi iVolkswagen, iBMW kade yaba sivivi ezimotweni zikagesi. Le nkampani ayikaze yethule imoto entsha esebenza ngogesi kusukela nge-i3, kodwa izokwethula ama-i4 nama-iX SUV ajwayelekile ngo-2021.
Njengoba i-Mercedes ilahla ama-fuel cell, i-BMW isewukuphela kwenkampani enkulu yezimoto yaseJalimane ukweseka ubuchwepheshe. “Ngokuya ngokuthi imvelo ithuthuka kanjani, ubuchwepheshe be-hydrogen fuel cell cishe buzoqhubeka buyingxenye eyinhloko yephothifoliyo yomkhiqizo we-BMW Group,” kusho uZipzer ngoJulayi 2020. Izazi zemvelo eziningi nochwepheshe bayangabaza ukuthi ama-fuel cell anekusasa ezimotweni, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buthuthuka ngokushesha nama-fuel cell awawongi kakhulu amandla.
Ngemva kokwenyuka okukhulu kokudayiswa kwezimoto zikagesi e-Europe ngo-2020, abakwaBMW baphinde baqinisa izinhlelo zabo zokufaka ugesi ekuqaleni kuka-2021. Lolu hlelo olusha lubonwa kabanzi njengokuzinikela okuqinile ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi. Ngo-2025, ukulethwa kwamamodeli e-BMW asebenza ngogesi kuzokwenyuka “ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-50” ngokwesilinganiso ngonyaka, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphuke ngokuphindwe kashumi uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020. Kusukela ngo-2025 kuya phambili, inkampani izobeka phambili ngokucacile izimoto zikagesi kuphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo wayo futhi izosebenzisa isakhiwo sezimoto esisha ngokuphelele. Ngo-2030, izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kuphela zizobalelwa okungenani u-50% wokudiliva emhlabeni jikelele.
AbakwaBMW bahlela nokushintsha iMini ibe wuhlobo lukagesi olumsulwa. I-Mini entsha yokugcina enenjini evuthayo izothengiswa ngo-2025. Ngo-2027, ama-EV azobala okungenani u-50% wokuthengisa okuncane, futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-2030, uhlobo luzothengisa izimoto zikagesi kuphela. Isikhulu esiphezulu uZipse sithe abakwaBMW “bazobe bengaxegi ekuzibophezeleni kwabo ezintweni ezithinta ugesi, idijithali nokugaywa kabusha kwezinto,” kodwa abanazo izinhlelo zokuzakhela awabo amabhethri.
Ngomnyakazo ongokomfanekiso, abakwaBMW bathi ekupheleni kuka-2020 bazoyeka ukukhiqiza izinjini ezivuthayo eJalimane, baguqule izitshalo ezifuywayo zibe izimboni zezimoto zikagesi, bese bethutha ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zendabuko ezitshalweni zase-Austria nase-UK.
Yize abakwaBMW begxile kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi, okwamanje azikho izinhlelo zokuqeda izinhlobo zezinjini ezivuthayo maduze nje. UZipzer ugcizelela ukuthi “isu lokumisa okukodwa lingaba yingozi kakhulu” futhi ukholelwa ukuthi izinjini ezivuthayo zizothengiswa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba phakathi neminyaka eyishumi. Abanye abakhi bezimoto baseJalimane iVolkswagen neDaimler nabo abakazibeki izinsuku zokuphela kwazo, kanti iFord, iGeneral Motors neVolvo bamemezele ukuthi bazobuqeda maduze ubuchwepheshe benjini evuthayo.
Yize abakwaBMW bephuzile ukufaka izimoto zabo ugesi, inkampani yaseBavaria iqokwe njengenkampani yezimoto esimeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngo-2020 yiDow Jones Sustainability Index. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abakwaBMW babeka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kwezimoto zabo ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlinzekeni. Le nkampani ihlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kuyo yonke impilo yemoto ngayinye okungenani ngengxenye yesithathu ngo-2030 ngokusungula izinto ezintsha esikhundleni sokususa izinto. "Ngokuqondile, sizokwehlisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngo-80% ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, ngaphezu kuka-40% ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa futhi okungenani ngama-20% ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka," kusho i-BMW ekuqaleni kuka-2021. ezindleleni ezintsha zokukhiqiza insimbi ezingenayo i-CO2 emzamweni wokunciphisa ukungcola. i-steel supply chain cishe ngamathani ayizigidi ezi-2 ngo-2030.
Ngokuphendula “ama-megatrends” amathathu embonini emikhulu: ukuqinisa imithetho yezemvelo, ubuchwepheshe bokushayela okuzimele kanye nomnotho wokwabelana, i-BMW ingene ochungechungeni lwezivumelwano zokubambisana, ikakhulukazi nembangi yayo yakwa-Daimler kanye nohlobo lwayo lweMercedes.
Iphephandaba lebhizinisi laseJalimane i-Handelsblatt likubize ngokuthi “ukubambisana okungokomlando” okuhloselwe “ukuncintisana ne-Google ne-Uber.” Ekuqaleni kuka-2019, abakwaBMW noDaimler bavumelana ukwenza umfelandawonye obanzi ezinsizeni zokuhamba, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwebhizinisi lokwabelana ngezimoto lakwaBMW iDriveNow kanye neCar2Go kaDaimler. Lezi zinkampani ezimbili zethule izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokwabelana: iyunithi yokwabelana ngemoto ethi Yabelana Manje, iyunithi yokwabelana ngokugibela i-Free Now, isevisi yokupaka i-Park Now, isevisi yokushaja izimoto zikagesi i-Charge Now, kanye ne-Reach Now, ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezilula zokubhukha zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezokuthutha. Kodwa ingxenye yezinsizakalo zokuhamba idonsa kanzima ukwenza imali, nemibiko yabezindaba ephakamisa ukuthi ukuthengiswa ngokwengxenye kuyanda.
AbakwaBMW nabakwaDaimler nabo bahlanganise izinsiza zokunqanda ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zezimoto ezizishayelayo.
Izishoshovu zesimo sezulu ziyaqhubeka nokungabaza ukuzibophezela kweqiniso kwenkampani ekuhambeni okusimeme. I-InfluenceMap, i-NGO ezinze e-UK egxile ekuhloleni ukunxeshezelwa kwesimo sezulu, ithe i-BMW "kubonakala sengathi isikhuthalele kakhulu izinqubomgomo ezithinta isimo sezulu emkhakheni wezokuthutha kusukela ngo-2019." I-Influencemap ibike: “Nokho, inkampani ibugcinile ubulungu ezinhlanganweni eziningi zezimboni ezihlehlayo futhi iphinde yasho izitatimende eziphikisa ukuguqukela kwezokuthutha ezifakwe ugesi ngaphambi kuka-2019. Ngokuvumelana ne The Guardian, abakwaBMW nabo banxenxe ukubambezeleka” yizinkampani ezilandela uhlelo lokunqanyulwa kwenjini evuthayo yase-UK.