BMW e tlohile ho tloha ho ba pula-maliboho ea likoloi tsa motlakase ho ea ho laggard

Sehlopha sa BMW se thehiloe ka 1916 'me se na le ntlo-khōlō Munich, motse-moholo oa Bavaria. Sehlopha sena se ipabola 'marakeng oa likoloi tsa maemo a holimo mme se emeloa ke mefuta e kang BMW, Mini le Rolls-Royce.
Joalo ka bomphato ba eona ba Jeremane Volkswagen le Daimler, BMW ke k'hamphani e rekisetsoang phatlalatsa, empa e laoloa ke le leng la malapa a ruileng ka ho fetisisa a liindasteri a Jeremane, e leng Quandts (ho kenyeletsoa Susanne Klatten), ea nang le hoo e ka bang 47% ea liabo tsa BMW. Ho tloha ka 2019, BMW e etelletsoe pele ke CEO Oliver Zipse.
BMW e ithorisa ka ho ba moetapele oa ts'ebetsong, e re ke k'hamphani ea pele indastering ea likoloi ho khetha motho ea ikarabellang ka tikoloho ka 1973. BMW e boetse e le moetapele har'a baetsi ba likoloi ba Jeremane phetohong ea likoloi tsa motlakase, empa e saletse morao ho bahanyetsi ba eona ka mor'a lebelo la pele la lebelo leo hona joale le nkoang e le "mosebetsi o theko e boima oa bopula-maliboho." Ho qea-qea ha BMW ho amohela likoloi tsa motlakase, ho hanana le maemo a phahameng a mesi a European Union, le ho nka karolo mahlabisa-lihlong a "dieselgate" ho senya seriti sa ts'ebetso ea BMW haholo.
Le hoja likoloi tse ling tsa pele tsa motlakase tsa Jeremane li ne li etselitsoe lienjineri tse tukang ka hare, BMW e ile ea hlahisa mofuta o mocha oa motlakase ho tloha qalong, ea qala mofuta oa eona oa "i" oa likoloi tsa motlakase-motsamao o sebete empa o theko e boima. All-electric i3, e qalileng ho elella bofelong ba 2013, e na le theknoloji e ncha ea carbon-fiber. E hahiloe femeng ea BMW Leipzig, e nang le lifensetere tsa eona tsa moea tse fehlang motlakase.
I3 esale e le e 'ngoe ea likoloi tsa motlakase tse rekisoang ka ho fetesisa ka lilemo tse ngata. Leha ho le joalo, botumo ba pele ba likoloi tsa motlakase bo ne bo le butle ho feta kamoo BMW e neng e lebeletsoe kateng, e leng se ileng sa fella ka thekiso e neng e le ka tlaase ho tebello ea k'hamphani 'me ea nyahamisa litabatabelo tsa BMW tsa EV haholo. I3 e na le fan base e tiileng, empa moralo oa eona o mocha, o mosesaane le o bobebe o bakile likhang, lebaka le leng hobane e hohlana le setšoantšo sa BMW sa ts'ebetso e phahameng.
Ho makatsang ke hore, Tesla ea California e hapile 'maraka oa lapeng oa BMW ka ho hlahisa likoloi tsa motlakase tse lumellanang hantle le botumo ba k'hamphani ea Bavaria ea ho ba maemo a holimo, a setaele ebile a le monate. Tesla e khonne ho hohela bareki ba bangata ba BMW ka Model S le Model 3 ea eona, e ileng ea feta BMW le Daimler ka thekiso ea EV ea Europe mathoasong a 2019. Tesla e ntse e tsoela pele ho phahamisa khatello ea BMW le li-automaker tse ling tsa Jeremane ka "gigafactory" ea eona ea Berlin, e tla buloa lehlabuleng la 2021, 'me qetellong e hlahise koloi ea 0000.
Ho arabela likhatellong tsena tsa tlholisano le ho tiisa litekanyetso tsa mesi ea EU, BMW e ntse e eketsa litabatabelo tsa eona tsa koloi ea motlakase lilemong tsa morao tjena. Empa ha e bapisoa le li-automakers tse ling tse ngata, haholo-holo Volkswagen, BMW haesale e le foofo ka likoloi tsa motlakase. Khamphani ha e so hlahise koloi e ncha ea motlakase ho tloha ka i3, empa e tla tsebisa li-SUV tse tloaelehileng tsa i4 le iX ka 2021.
Ha Mercedes e lahla lisele tsa mafura, BMW e ntse e le eona feela moetsi oa likoloi oa Jeremane o tšehetsang theknoloji. "Ho ipapisitse le hore na tikoloho e ntse e tsoela pele joang, theknoloji ea hydrogen fuel cell e kanna ea tsoela pele ho ba karolo ea mantlha ea sehlahisoa sa BMW Group," Zipzer o boletse ka Phupu 2020. Litsebi tse ngata tsa tikoloho le litsebi li belaella hore lisele tsa mafura li na le bokamoso ba likoloi, kaha theknoloji ea betri e ntse e tsoela pele ka potlako le lisele tsa mafura ha li sebetse hantle haholo.
Ka mor'a keketseho e matla ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase Europe ka 2020, BMW e ile ea eketsa merero ea eona ea motlakase hape qalong ea 2021. Morero o mocha o nkoa e le boitlamo bo tiileng ba likoloi tsa motlakase. Ka 2025, ho tsamaisoa ha mefuta ea motlakase ea BMW feela ho tla eketseha ka "ho feta 50%" ka karolelano ka selemo, kahoo ho eketseha ka makhetlo a fetang leshome ha ho bapisoa le 2020. Ho tloha 2025 ho ea pele, k'hamphani e tla beha likoloi tsa motlakase pele ho lihlahisoa tsa eona tsa lihlahisoa 'me e tla amohela mohaho o mocha oa likoloi. Ka 2030, likoloi tsa motlakase feela li tla ikarabella bakeng sa bonyane 50% ea thepa ea lefats'e.
BMW e boetse e rera ho fetola Mini hore e be lets'oao le hloekileng la motlakase. Mini e ncha ea ho qetela e nang le mochine o tukang e tla rekisoa ka 2025. Ka 2027, li-EV li tla ikarabella bakeng sa bonyane 50% ea thekiso ea Mini, 'me mathoasong a 2030, mochine o tla rekisa likoloi tsa motlakase feela. CEO Zipse o boletse hore BMW "e tla be e sa sekisetse boitlamo ba eona ba motlakase, digital le ho tsosolosa," empa ha e na merero ea ho iketsetsa libeteri tsa eona.
Ka ts'ebetso ea tšoantšetso haholo, BMW e boletse qetellong ea 2020 hore e tla emisa ho hlahisa lienjineri tse tukang Jeremane, e fetole limela tsa malapeng hore e be limela tsa likoloi tsa motlakase, 'me e tsamaise tlhahiso ea likoloi tsa setso ho limela tsa Austria le UK.
Leha BMW e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho likoloi tsa motlakase, hajoale ha ho na merero ea ho felisa mefuta ea lienjine tse tukang haufinyane. Zipzer o tsitlallela hore “leano la ho emisa hang-hang le ka ba kotsi haholo” ’me o lumela hore lienjene tse tukang li tla rekisoa likarolong tse ling tsa lefatše nakong ea lilemo tse leshome. Baetsi ba likoloi ba bang ba Jeremane Volkswagen le Daimler le bona ha ba so behe matsatsi a ho tsoa, ​​​​ha Ford, General Motors le Volvo ba phatlalalitse hore ba tla felisa theknoloji ea enjine ea mollo haufinyane.
Le hoja BMW e ntse e lieha ho kenya likoloi tsa eona motlakase, k'hamphani ea Bavaria e ile ea bitsoa k'hamphani ea likoloi e tsitsitseng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka 2020 ke Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Sena ke hobane BMW e beha bohlokoa bo boholo ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea CO2 ea likoloi tsa eona tlhahisong le ketaneng ea phepelo. Khamphani e ikemiselitse ho fokotsa mesi bophelong bohle ba koloi ka 'ngoe ka bonyane karolo ea boraro ka 2030 ka boqapi ho fapana le ho fokotsa. "Haholo-holo, re tla fokotsa tlhahiso ea CO2 ka 80% nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, ho feta 40% nakong ea ts'ebeliso le bonyane 20% ho phepelo ea thepa," BMW e boletse mathoasong a 2021. "Ntle le mehato ea tokiso, ho eketseha ha likoloi tsa motlakase ho tla lebisa ho eketseha ha tlhahiso ea CO2 ka har'a ketane ea phepelo ea thepa. ka mekhoa e mecha ea tlhahiso ea tšepe e se nang CO2 molemong oa ho fokotsa mesi. ” phepelo ea tšepe ka lithane tse ka bang limilione tse 2 ka 2030.
E le karabelo ho "megatrends" e meraro ea indasteri: ho tiisa melao ea tikoloho, theknoloji ea ho khanna e ikemetseng le moruo oa ho arolelana, BMW e kene letotong la litumellano tsa tšebelisano, haholo-holo le mohanyetsi oa eona Daimler le lets'oao la eona la Mercedes.
Koranta ea khoebo ea Jeremane Handelsblatt e e bitsitse "tšebelisano ea nalane" e reretsoeng "ho qothisana lehlokoa le Google le Uber." Mathoasong a 2019, BMW le Daimler ba ile ba lumellana ho theha selekane se pharaletseng lits'ebeletso tsa motsamao, ho kenyeletsoa ho kopanngoa ha khoebo ea BMW's DriveNow ea ho arolelana likoloi le Daimler's Car2Go. Likhamphani tsena tse peli li hlahisitse mefuta e mehlano e arolelanoang: yuniti ea ho arolelana koloi Share Now, yuniti ea ho arolelana likoloi Free Now, tšebeletso ea ho paka Park Now, tšebeletso ea ho tjhaja likoloi tsa motlakase Charge Now, le Reach Now, e fanang ka lits'ebeletso tse bonolo tsa ho behela mekhoa e fapaneng ea lipalangoang. Empa karolo ea litšebeletso tsa motsamao e ntse e sokola ho etsa chelete, mme litlaleho tsa mecha ea litaba li fana ka maikutlo a hore thekiso e sa fellang e ntse e eketseha.
BMW le Daimler le tsona li kopantse lisebelisoa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tse ntseng li phahama tsa likoloi tse itsamaisang.
Batšehetsi ba boemo ba leholimo ba tsoela pele ho belaella boitlamo ba 'nete ba k'hamphani ho motsamao o tsitsitseng. InfluenceMap, NGO e thehiloeng UK e sebetsanang le ho lekola ts'ebetso ea maemo a leholimo, e boletse hore BMW "e bonahala e se e le matla haholoanyane maanong a eona a amanang le boemo ba leholimo lekaleng la lipalangoang ho tloha ka 2019." Influencemap e tlalehile: "Leha ho le joalo, k'hamphani e ntse e boloka litho tsa mekhatlo e mengata ea indasteri e ntseng e fokotseha 'me e 'nile ea bua ka makhetlo a mangata khahlanong le phetoho ea lipalangoang tsa motlakase pele ho 2019. Ho ea ka The Guardian, BMW e boetse e tsitlella hore e liehe" ke lik'hamphani tse tšehetsang lenaneo la UK la ho felisa enjene ea ho tuka.