BMW yavuye kuba umupayiniya wimodoka yamashanyarazi ikajya inyuma

Itsinda rya BMW ryashinzwe mu 1916 rifite icyicaro i Munich, umurwa mukuru wa Bavariya. Itsinda ryinzobere mu isoko ryimodoka zo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi rihagarariwe nibirango nka BMW, Mini na Rolls-Royce.
Kimwe na bagenzi babo b'Abadage Volkswagen na Daimler, BMW ni isosiyete icuruzwa ku mugaragaro, ariko iyobowe n'umwe mu miryango ikize cyane mu nganda mu Budage, Quandts (harimo na Susanne Klatten), ufite imigabane hafi ya 47% ya BMW. Kuva muri 2019, BMW iyobowe n'umuyobozi mukuru Oliver Zipse.
BMW yishimira kuba umuyobozi mu buryo burambye, avuga ko ari yo sosiyete ya mbere mu nganda z’imodoka zashyizeho umuntu ushinzwe ibidukikije mu 1973. BMW kandi ni umuyobozi mu bakora amamodoka yo mu Budage mu kwimura imodoka z’amashanyarazi, ariko yagiye inyuma y’abo bahanganye nyuma yo kwiruka hakiri kare ubu bigaragara ko ari “umurimo w'ubupayiniya uhenze.” BMW yanga kwakira imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, kurwanya ibipimo by’ibihugu by’Uburayi byangiza ikirere, no kugira uruhare mu kibazo cya “dizelgate” byatesheje agaciro izina rya BMW rirambye.
Mugihe izindi modoka z’amashanyarazi za mbere z’Abadage zabanje gukorerwa moteri yo gutwika imbere, BMW yakoze moderi nshya y’amashanyarazi kuva kera, itangiza ikirango cyayo “i” cy’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi - intambwe ishimishije ariko ihenze. Amashanyarazi yose i3, yatangijwe mu mpera za 2013, agaragaza ikoranabuhanga rishya rya karubone. Yubatswe ku ruganda rwa Leipzig rwa BMW, rufite umuyaga w’umuyaga wo kubyara amashanyarazi.
I3 nimwe mumodoka yagurishijwe cyane kwisi mumyaka myinshi. Icyakora, kwamamara kwambere kwimodoka zamashanyarazi kwatinze kurenza BMW nkuko byari byitezwe, bituma kugurisha byari munsi yibyo sosiyete yari yiteze kandi bigabanya cyane ibyifuzo bya BMW bya BMW. I3 ifite abafana bakomeye, ariko igishushanyo cyayo gishya, cyoroshye kandi cyoroheje cyateje impaka, igice kubera ko gihura nigishusho cyiza cya BMW.
Igitangaje ni uko Tesla ikorera muri Californiya yatsinze isoko ry’iwabo rya BMW ikora imodoka z’amashanyarazi zihuye neza n’izina rya sosiyete ya Bavariya kubera ko ari nziza, nziza, kandi nziza. Tesla yashoboye gukurura abakiriya benshi ba BMW hamwe na Model S na Model 3, yarenze BMW na Daimler mu igurishwa ry’iburayi rya EV mu ntangiriro za 2019. Tesla ikomeje gukaza umurego kuri BMW hamwe n’abandi bakora amamodoka yo mu Budage hamwe na “gigafactory” yayo, izafungura mu mpeshyi ya 2021 ikaza gutanga imodoka 500.000 ku mwaka.
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibi bibazo byo guhangana no gukaza umurego w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, BMW mu myaka yashize yongereye icyifuzo cy’imodoka z’amashanyarazi. Ariko ugereranije nabandi bakora amamodoka menshi, cyane cyane Volkswagen, BMW imaze igihe gisusurutsa ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Isosiyete ntabwo yashyize ahagaragara imodoka nshya y’amashanyarazi kuva i3, ariko izashyira ahagaragara SUVs zisanzwe i4 na iX mu 2021.
Hamwe na Mercedes yaretse selile, BMW ikomeza kuba imwe rukumbi rukora amamodoka yo mubudage ashyigikira ikoranabuhanga. Muri Nyakanga 2020, Zipzer yagize ati: "Ukurikije uko ibidukikije bitera imbere, tekinoroji ya hydrogène y’amavuta ishobora gukomeza kuba igice cy’ibanze mu bicuruzwa by’itsinda rya BMW." Zipzer yagize ati:
Nyuma y’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’imodoka z’amashanyarazi mu Burayi mu 2020, BMW yongeye kongera gahunda y’amashanyarazi mu ntangiriro za 2021. Iyi gahunda nshya igaragara nk’ubwitange bukomeye ku binyabiziga by’amashanyarazi. Kugeza mu 2025, itangwa rya moderi ya BMW y’amashanyarazi gusa iziyongera ku “hejuru ya 50%” ugereranyije ku mwaka, bityo yiyongere inshuro zirenga icumi ugereranije na 2020. Guhera mu 2025, isosiyete izashyira imbere ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu nshingano zayo kandi bizashyiraho imyubakire mishya y’imodoka. Kugeza 2030, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi gusa bizaba byibuze 50% byogutangwa kwisi.
BMW irateganya kandi guhindura Mini ikirango cyamashanyarazi cyiza. Mini nshya iheruka ifite moteri yaka umuriro izatangira kugurishwa mu 2025.Mu 2027, EV zizaba nibura 50% by’igurisha rya Mini, naho mu ntangiriro ya 2030, ikirango kizagurisha imodoka z’amashanyarazi gusa. Umuyobozi mukuru Zipse yavuze ko BMW “itazahwema kwiyemeza amashanyarazi, ikoreshwa rya digitale ndetse no kuyitunganya,” ariko ikaba idafite gahunda yo gukora bateri zayo.
Mu rugendo rw’ikigereranyo cyane, BMW yavuze mu mpera za 2020 ko izahagarika gukora moteri yaka umuriro mu Budage, guhindura inganda zo mu rugo mu nganda z’amashanyarazi, no kwimura imodoka gakondo mu bimera muri Otirishiya no mu Bwongereza.
Nubwo BMW yibanda ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi, kuri ubu nta gahunda yo gukuraho moteri ya moteri yaka vuba. Zipzer ashimangira ko "ingamba imwe ishobora guteza akaga cyane" kandi yizera ko moteri yaka izagurishwa mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’isi mu myaka icumi ishize. Abandi bakora amamodoka yo mu Budage Volkswagen na Daimler na bo ntibashyizeho amatariki azarangira, mu gihe Ford, General Motors na Volvo batangaje ko bazakuraho ikoranabuhanga rya moteri yaka vuba.
Nubwo BMW yatinze cyane guha amashanyarazi imodoka zayo, isosiyete ya Bavariya yagizwe isosiyete ikora imodoka zirambye ku isi mu 2020 na Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Ni ukubera ko BMW iha agaciro kanini mukugabanya imyuka ya CO2 yimodoka zayo mukubyara no gutanga isoko. Isosiyete ifite intego yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ubuzima bwa buri kinyabiziga byibuze kimwe cya gatatu muri 2030 binyuze mu guhanga udushya aho kuba offsets. Mu ntangiriro za 2021, BMW yagize ati: "By'umwihariko, tuzagabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere cya 80% mu gihe cyo kuyibyaza umusaruro, hejuru ya 40% mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha ndetse no nibura 20% mu rwego rwo gutanga amasoko." BMW yagize ati: "Hatabayeho ingamba zo gukosora, kwiyongera kw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bizatuma kwiyongera kwa CO2 mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bigera kuri kimwe cya gatatu mu 2030. Urwego rwo gutanga ibyuma hafi toni miliyoni 2 muri 2030.
Mu gusubiza inganda eshatu zikomeye “megatrends”: gukaza umurego amabwiriza y’ibidukikije, ikoranabuhanga ryigenga ryigenga ndetse n’ubukungu busaranganya, BMW yagiranye amasezerano y’ubufatanye, cyane cyane ububiko bwayo Daimler hamwe n’ikirango cyayo cya Mercedes.
Ikinyamakuru cy’ubucuruzi cy’Ubudage Handelsblatt cyise “ubufatanye bw’amateka” kigamije “guhangana na Google na Uber.” Mu ntangiriro za 2019, BMW na Daimler bemeye gushinga ubumwe bwagutse muri serivisi zigenda, harimo guhuza imishinga yo kugabana imodoka ya BMW ya DriveNow na Car2Go ya Daimler. Ibigo byombi byatangije ibirango bitanu byo kugabana: ishami ryo kugabana imodoka Gusangira Noneho, kugabana kugendana Ubuntu Ubu, serivisi ya parikingi Park Now, serivisi yo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi Charge Now, na Reach Now, itanga serivise zoroshye zo gutumiza muburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu. Ariko igice cya serivisi zigenda zirwanira gushaka amafaranga, hamwe nibitangazamakuru bitangaza ko kugurisha igice bishoboka cyane.
BMW na Daimler nabo bahurije hamwe kugirango bagabanye ibiciro byizamuka ryimodoka zitwara.
Abaharanira ikirere bakomeje kwibaza niba sosiyete ikora neza mu buryo burambye. Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta ukorera mu Bwongereza witwa InfluenceMap uzobereye mu gusuzuma ibijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, yavuze ko BMW “isa nkaho yarushijeho kugira uruhare muri politiki yayo ijyanye n’ikirere mu rwego rwo gutwara abantu kuva mu 2019.” Influencemap yagize ati: "Icyakora, isosiyete ikomeza kuba umunyamuryango mu mashyirahamwe menshi y’inganda zisubira inyuma kandi yagiye itangaza amagambo menshi yanga ko hajyaho ubwikorezi bw’amashanyarazi mbere ya 2019. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Guardian kibitangaza ngo BMW nayo yashyizeho umwete kugira ngo itinde" n’amasosiyete yari inyuma ya porogaramu yo gutwika moteri y’Ubwongereza.